Physics · 9702 · Paper 4 variant 19702/41/M/J/24
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- 1(a)Define gravitational potential at a point.2 marks
- 1(b)(i)Explain why the gravitational potential at X is negative.2 marks
- 1(b)(ii)State an expression, in terms of Φ, for the gravitational potential at Y due to the planet.2 marks
- 1(b)(iii)Complete Table 1.1 by giving expressions, in terms of some or all of M, R and Φ, for the quantities indicated for each of the satellites X and Y.4 marks
- 2(a)(i)State the magnitude and unit of absolute zero on the thermodynamic temperature scale.1 mark
- 2(a)(ii)Explain why temperature measured using a laboratory liquid-in-glass thermometer does not give a measurement of thermodynamic temperature.1 mark
- 2(b)(i)Explain how Fig. 2.2 shows that platinum is a suitable metal for use in a resistance thermometer.2 marks
- 2(b)(ii)Suggest a reason why a platinum resistance thermometer is not suitable for measuring a rapidly changing temperature.1 mark
- 2(b)(iii)Suggest a type of thermometer that is suitable for measuring a rapidly changing temperature.1 mark
- 2(c)State one way in which the variation with temperature of the resistance of a thermistor differs from that of a platinum wire.1 mark
- 3(a)(ii)Use one of the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory to explain what can be deduced about the potential energy associated with the random motion of molecules in an ideal gas.2 marks
- 3(b)(i)Determine the number N of molecules of the gas.2 marks
- 3(b)(ii)Determine the average translational kinetic energy E_K of one molecule of the gas.2 marks
- 3(b)(iii)Explain your reasoning.2 marks
- 3(c)On Fig. 3.1, sketch the variation with V of the internal energy U of the gas.2 marks
- 4(a)State what is meant by resonance.2 marks
- 4(b)(i)State the name of the phenomenon illustrated by the decrease in the amplitude of the oscillations in Fig. 4.2.1 mark
- 4(b)(ii)Explain the decrease with time of the amplitude of the oscillations of the ball.2 marks
- 4(b)(iii)Determine the frequency of the oscillations of the ball.1 mark
- 4(c)On Fig. 4.3, sketch the variation with f of the amplitude of the oscillations of the ball.2 marks
- 5(a)Define electric field.2 marks
- 5(b)(i)On Fig. 5.1, draw four field lines to represent the electric field between the plates.2 marks
- 5(b)(ii)Determine the strength E of the electric field between the plates.2 marks
- 5(b)(iii)On Fig. 5.1, draw the path of the electron as it moves between and beyond the plates.2 marks
- 5(c)(i)Determine the direction of the uniform magnetic field.1 mark
- 5(c)(ii)Explain, with reference to the forces exerted by the two fields on the electron, why the path of the electron is undeviated.2 marks
- 5(c)(iii)Give a unit with your answer.2 marks
- 7(b)(i)Show that the maximum power dissipated in R is 0.22 W.2 marks
- 7(b)(ii)On Fig. 7.3, sketch the variation with t of the power P dissipated in R.3 marks
- 7(b)(iii)Calculate the mean power dissipated in R.1 mark
- 7(c)Explain, without calculation, how the mean power now dissipated in R compares with the answer in (b)(iii).2 marks
- 8(b)(i)State the name of the particles.1 mark
- 8(b)(ii)On Fig. 8.1, use + and – signs to label terminals X and Y to indicate the polarity of the high voltage.1 mark
- 8(c)(i)For an accelerating voltage of 32 kV, determine the maximum energy, in MeV, of an X-ray photon produced at the target.1 mark
- 8(c)(ii)Determine the maximum momentum of an X-ray photon produced at the target.2 marks
- 8(c)(iii)Determine the minimum wavelength of X-rays produced at the target.3 marks
- 8(d)Explain why X-rays can be used to produce images of internal body structures that have good contrast.3 marks
- 9(a)Define half-life of a radioactive isotope.1 mark
- 9(b)(i)State the name of the quantity represented by the magnitude of the gradient of line X in Fig. 9.1.1 mark
- 9(b)(ii)State three conclusions about X or Y that may be drawn from Fig. 9.1.3 marks
- 9(c)Determine the nucleon number of isotope X.3 marks
- 10(a)(i)State what is meant by the luminosity of a star.2 marks
- 10(a)(ii)Explain how a standard candle in a distant galaxy can be used to determine the distance of the galaxy from an observer.3 marks
- 10(b)(i)Give a unit with your answer.2 marks
- 10(b)(ii)Determine the surface temperature of this star.2 marks